The rapid increase in global energy demand has necessitated the exploration of renewable energy sources for sustainable solutions. This article focuses on the use of innovative iron oxide composites for dual purposes: hydrogen recovery and pollutant degradation. Research studies have shown that photocatalytic processes under visible light can effectively generate renewable energy and treat toxic wastewater pollutants. The photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in wastewater presents advantages such as utilizing solar energy for pollution mitigation. Iron oxide, specifically Fe2O3, is identified as a promising photocatalyst due to its narrow band gap and high absorption capacity in the visible light spectrum. Combining iron oxide with other metal oxides enhances photocatalytic efficacy by improving charge separation and increasing active sites for reactions. The article discusses the synthesis and characterization of iron-oxide-based photocatalysts, including composites like Al2O3/Fe2O3, Sm2O3/Fe2O3, and Y2O3/Fe2O3. These composites are novel and show potential for hydrogen recovery from wastewater containing sulphides and degrading pollutants like Rhodamine B dye. Using a unique combustion process with cow urine as a urea source, iron oxide nanoparticles are synthesized. The study also explores the synthesis of aluminium oxide: iron oxide composites through a similar combustion process. The research highlights the efficiency of nanocomposite metal oxides in improving the photocatalytic activity for wastewater treatment. Overall, the article emphasizes the economic and environmental benefits of utilizing the photocatalytic process under visible light for hydrogen production and organic pollutant degradation. The development of novel iron oxide composites opens up possibilities for efficient and sustainable solutions in renewable energy production and wastewater treatment.