The Grangemouth industrial complex in Scotland faces challenges with the imminent closure of the only oil refinery, putting 400 jobs at risk. To address this, Project Willow, a £1.5m feasibility study funded by the UK and Scottish governments, aims to explore low-carbon alternatives for the site. Consultants EY evaluated 300 technologies and proposed nine innovative ideas that could be developed with private sector investment. These include hydrogen-related technologies such as hydrogenated esters, hydrogen fuel switching, and e-ammonia, among others. Each idea requires different levels of capital investment, ranging from £15m to £2bn, and could create between 35 to 270 jobs. For instance, hydrothermal and dissolution plastics recycling, acetone-butanol-ethanol biorefining, second-generation bioethanol production, anaerobic digestion, and e-methanol for aviation fuel are among the proposed projects. By utilizing sustainable resources such as waste plastics, timber, and renewable energy sources like hydrogen, the project aims to reduce carbon emissions, promote circular economy practices, and drive economic growth in the region. While some technologies could start operations as early as 2028, others may take until 2036 to begin production. Overall, Project Willow envisions a sustainable future for the Grangemouth complex, aligning with the UK's and Scotland's goals of transitioning to a low-carbon economy. The initiative emphasizes innovation, job creation, and environmental sustainability, marking a positive step towards a greener industrial landscape in Scotland.