Amidst escalating environmental concerns and increasing energy demands, the quest for sustainable energy solutions has intensified. A recent study published in the Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering explores the realm of microbial hydrogen production from waste as a promising avenue for renewable energy. The research, conducted by experts from Northwestern Polytechnical University and the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbeliard, sheds light on the mechanisms and recent advancements in this field, emphasizing the need to improve production efficiency and scale the process for industrial applications. The review delves into innovative methods such as two-stage indirect photohydrolysis using cyanobacteria and green algae, as well as dark fermentation by bacteria, particularly ethanol-type fermentation, to enhance hydrogen generation from organic waste. By combining these approaches, the study showcases a potential synergy for boosting hydrogen production from organic wastewater. Furthermore, the research identifies suitable waste types rich in carbohydrates like industrial wastewater and agricultural waste as ideal sources for microbial hydrogen production. The study also discusses theoretical advancements in biohydrogen production and the underlying mechanisms of hydrogen generation in various microorganisms. By exploring technological progress in waste-derived hydrogen production, the research sets a roadmap for future endeavors in large-scale biological hydrogen production. Tongming Li, an expert in biohydrogen production technology, underscores the significance of the study in optimizing hydrogen production from waste materials and advancing towards sustainable energy solutions. The implications of this research span beyond energy production, offering a transformative approach to waste management by converting it into a valuable resource. This breakthrough not only addresses environmental concerns but also promotes a circular economy. With the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support global sustainability, microbial hydrogen production signifies a crucial step towards a greener energy landscape. The study's insights provide a blueprint for scaling up hydrogen production from waste, playing a pivotal role in the transition towards sustainable energy practices.