The maritime industry, vital for global trade, is undergoing a profound shift towards cleaner fuels to address its substantial environmental impact. With the majority of emissions stemming from the combustion of fossil fuels like Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (VLSFO), the sector is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) aims to slash GHG emissions from shipping by 50% by 2050 and eventually phase them out entirely. This ambitious goal necessitates a radical transformation in how ships are powered, with traditional fuels needing to be replaced by low-carbon or zero-carbon alternatives. The article delves into the current landscape of marine fuels, highlighting HFO and VLSFO as the primary choices accounting for 80-85% of fuel consumption. While Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is gaining traction due to its lower emissions, challenges like methane slip and infrastructure limitations persist. Moreover, the transition to alternative fuels involves complex considerations beyond burning rates and costs, encompassing aspects like infrastructure development, global supply chain establishment, regulatory compliance, and safety protocols. Key challenges include the availability of bunkering facilities for new fuels like hydrogen and ammonia, the global supply chain's readiness to support alternative fuels, regulatory frameworks influencing fuel adoption, and safety evaluations for flammable options. The economic implications of this shift are significant, as shipowners must navigate between environmental responsibilities and maintaining competitiveness in a cost-driven industry. In conclusion, the maritime sector's journey towards sustainable marine fuels demands a holistic strategy that addresses technical, economic, and regulatory aspects. By overcoming hurdles related to infrastructure, supply chain, regulations, and safety, the industry can pave the way for a cleaner and more environmentally responsible future in global shipping.