The shift towards sustainable biofuels and e-fuels is gaining momentum as solutions to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and renewable diesel are meeting regulatory requirements in the EU and US, with notable blending mandates. Renewable diesel, sourced from waste cooking oils and animal fats, is proving to be a sustainable alternative to biodiesel, offering high compatibility and efficiency. E-fuels, produced from renewable electricity, hydrogen, and CO₂ capture, present an environmentally friendly option, though currently facing challenges like high production costs. The adoption of biofuels and e-fuels is seen as crucial for decarbonizing sectors like shipping and aviation, where electrification poses challenges. Government support and corporate investment are deemed essential for the widespread commercialization of these greener fuel options.