The aviation industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint due to the growing threat of climate change. Sustainable aviation fuel and hydrogen are emerging as key solutions in this effort. Sustainable aviation fuel, produced from diverse sources like biomass and waste, can significantly decrease CO2 emissions compared to traditional fuels. Despite its potential, its current usage remains low globally at 0.2%. However, it is seen as a critical element in achieving the aviation industry's carbon neutrality goal by 2050. The industry is also exploring other technologies such as hydrogen fuel cell engines, which could further reduce emissions. Hong Kong is taking steps towards sustainability by producing sustainable aviation fuel through a local subsidiary, indicating progress in the transition. The International Air Transport Association highlights the significant role of sustainable aviation fuel in achieving carbon reductions, with estimates suggesting a 65% decrease. Innovation in energy and efficiency strategies will be essential for the aviation sector to successfully shift towards greener practices. Hong Kong, in competition with Singapore in the aviation sector, needs a comprehensive plan to integrate sustainable aviation fuel effectively to meet industry targets.