The article discusses the importance of efficient thermal management in trains, particularly focusing on energy balance. Rail vehicles, regardless of propulsion type, consume significant energy for temperature control, affecting their range and operation. The DB class 490 in Hamburg is highlighted for its efficient thermal management system, leveraging heat pumps and waste heat recovery. Integrated thermal management systems are proposed, utilizing heat pumps and waste heat recovery, to enhance efficiency in different climates and operational scenarios. The systems aim to cover heating and cooling needs for the passenger compartment and energy storage, providing efficiency gains in varying conditions. Such solutions could benefit battery-electric trains and those with hydrogen fuel cells, ensuring constant temperature control for energy storage. By optimizing thermal management, operators can enhance energy efficiency, extend range, and improve operating times in rail transportation.