In 2024, the rail industry worldwide experienced significant technological advancements and changes. Siemens Mireo Plus H hydrogen-powered trains were launched in the Berlin area, marking a shift towards eco-friendly alternatives. The InnoTrans trade fair in Berlin showcased various innovative trains, including battery and hydrogen-powered models. While hydrogen trains garnered attention, the article noted the rising popularity of battery-electric trains due to cost-effectiveness. The year also saw the end of commercial steam operations in China and uncertainties surrounding the future of steam on Germany's narrow-gauge network. In Europe, political and regulatory shifts affected the rail sector, with Britain ending the privatization of government-funded passenger operators and Royal Mail discontinuing dedicated mail-carrying trains. The European Union's rules aimed at fair competition led to changes in France and Germany's rail freight operations. Additionally, tough economic conditions impacted Poland's rail freight company, resulting in significant layoffs but with some employees transitioning to passenger rail roles.