The integration of anaerobic acidification with microalgal bioaugmentation has been shown to establish an efficient algal-bacterial symbiotic system for treating sugarcane wastewater. This approach leverages metabolic synergies within microbial consortia to enhance water purification and biomass production. By optimizing environmental parameters such as aeration rate, light intensity, and photoperiod, the system achieved impressive results with 98.56% COD removal efficiency and a biomass yield of 3.43 g/L. This sustainable method not only reduces organic load but also minimizes aeration demand and enables resource recovery. The study highlights the potential of microalgae in algal-bacterial systems for efficient nutrient removal, biomass production, and system stability in wastewater treatment. Overall, the findings offer a promising solution for managing high-strength sugarcane wastewater, addressing environmental concerns associated with untreated sugar industry effluents.