The study focuses on a novel approach to Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) production by harnessing microbial oil derived from sugarcane. While traditional methods like Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) technology have limitations due to feedstock availability and sustainability concerns, biotechnology offers a promising solution by enabling microbial oil production from sugars. This process was found to have a production cost ranging between $1.83 and $3.00 per liter of SAF, with a significant reduction of over 50% in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. The analysis indicates that sugarcane-derived microbial oil shows potential in yielding 4 times more SAF per area than soybean oil, which could help mitigate emissions from land-use change. The study highlights the importance of fermentation performance as a key factor in driving positive economic and environmental outcomes. Additionally, it showcases the viability of using microbial oils as alternative feedstocks for large-scale SAF production, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices in the aviation industry to achieve net-zero energy-related greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.