The maritime industry is undergoing a significant shift towards sustainability by adopting zero and near-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission fuels such as ammonia, methanol, and hydrogen. Despite the promise of a cleaner future, the utilization of these 'green molecules' presents unique safety challenges that demand a transformation in seafarer training and competencies. The Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) Convention currently lacks specific provisions for handling these fuels, prompting the Maritime Just Transition Task Force (MJTTF) to release a pioneering report recommending a complete revamp of training frameworks. The report highlights essential competencies that seafarers working on ships propelled by ammonia, methanol, and hydrogen fuels need to acquire. These competencies include understanding the physical and chemical properties, safety precautions, fire-fighting techniques, and pollution prevention measures related to each fuel type. For ammonia, seafarers must be familiar with its hazards, safety protocols, and response to fires. Similarly, for methanol, knowledge of its flammability, toxicology, and pollution prevention is crucial. When it comes to hydrogen, competencies cover its properties, gas detection instruments, fire safety, and environmental protection. The push towards leveraging these alternative fuels underscores the necessity for seafarers to be well-equipped with the knowledge and skills to handle them safely and effectively in the maritime environment.