The European aviation sector is confronted with the critical challenge of reducing its emissions to achieve net-zero status by 2050, as outlined in the EU Climate Law. The sector's heavy dependence on fossil fuels and continuous growth in air travel pose significant obstacles to reaching this goal. JRC research emphasizes the necessity of a systemic transition involving not only technological advancements in emission-free electric and hydrogen propulsion but also comprehensive policy measures that make the polluter pay, foster R&D investment, provide subsidies, and encourage alternatives to air travel. With projections indicating a potential tripling of CO2 emissions by 2050, urgent action is required to align with net-zero targets. The study underlines the importance of addressing the 'hard-to-abate' nature of aviation emissions, which include non-CO2 substances with potent warming effects. To combat this, the substitution of fossil fuels with alternative energy sources, enhancement of energy efficiency through innovation, and adjustments in travel demand are highlighted as primary levers for achieving net-zero aviation. These strategies call for coordinated efforts at various governance levels to facilitate the transition. Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) as a vital component in decarbonizing aviation, underscoring the need to boost SAF production and uptake. The role of transformative innovation policies is underscored, advocating for governmental interventions, increased R&D investments, subsidies, and effective communication strategies to drive sustainable aviation practices. Ultimately, a place-based systemic approach is proposed to accelerate the adoption of zero-carbon propulsion technologies, enhance SAF production, and present viable alternatives to traditional flying practices. By aligning education, environmental, energy, and mobility policies, the European aviation sector can embark on a transformative journey towards sustainability.