The aviation industry is on a trajectory to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, with a pivotal focus on transitioning to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) to reduce CO2 emissions. SAF, derived from sources like plants and waste, is gaining momentum as an alternative to Jet-A fuel, with around 4.5 Megatons of SAF estimated to be in demand by 2030. Notably, major airlines have successfully operated commercial flights using SAF, showcasing its compatibility and potential benefits for engine maintenance. However, challenges lie in the differences in energy density and potential impacts on fuel system performance. Engine manufacturers are optimistic about SAF integration but acknowledge ongoing tests and adjustments. Concurrently, the phase-out of lead from aviation fuel, particularly the 100 octane low lead fuel (100LL) used in general aviation aircraft, is underway due to environmental regulations. This shift poses a significant challenge as lead plays a crucial role in enhancing fuel stability and engine performance. Engine modifications and the exploration of lead-free alternatives like diesel fuel and Jet fuel are underway, with pilots adapting to new fuel inspection practices. While these changes mark significant progress towards climate sustainability, questions linger regarding the operational implications for aircraft and pilots. The aviation industry's concerted efforts to embrace sustainable practices and seek environmentally friendly fuel alternatives underscore a positive shift towards a greener future in aviation.